The unique alternating chain propagation / intramolecular cyclization process eventually leads to the single chain cyclized / knotted polymer architecture.
2.
Many radical reactions are chain reactions with a chain initiation step, a chain propagation step and a chain termination step.
3.
Taking the polymerization of ethylene as an example, the free radical mechanism can be divided into three stages : chain initiation, chain propagation, and chain termination.
4.
This would allow all of the active species to form before chain propagation begins so all of the chains grow at the same rate ( the rate of propagation ).
5.
In a similar way to normal ATRP, the polymerization is started by initiation to produce a free radical, followed by chain propagation and reversible activation / deactivation equilibrium.
6.
Another key characteristic is that the rate of initiation ( meaning the dormant chemical species generates the active chain propagating species ) must be much faster than the rate of chain propagation.
7.
Unlike the polymerization of single vinyl monomers, for the polymerization of multivinyl monomers, the chain propagation occurs between the active centres and one of the vinyl groups from the free monomers.
8.
"' Chain termination "'is any chemical reaction that ceases the formation of reactive intermediates in a chain propagation step in the course of a polymerization, effectively bringing it to a halt.
9.
"Note " : In many cases, the rate of chain initiation is fast compared with the rate of chain propagation, so that the number of kinetic-chain carriers is essentially constant throughout the polymerization.
10.
The aryl radical reacts with the nucleophile "'4 "'to a new radical anion "'5 "'which goes on to form the substituted product by transferring its electron to new aryl halide in the chain propagation.
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